Kraftwerk (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁaftvɛʁk] , lit. 'power plant') is a German electronic band formed in Düsseldorf in 1970 by Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider. Widely considered innovators and pioneers of electronic music, Kraftwerk was among the first successful acts to popularise the genre. The group began as part of West Germany's experimental krautrock scene in the early 1970s before embracing electronic instrumentation, including synthesizers, drum machines, and vocoders. Wolfgang Flür joined in 1973 and Karl Bartos in 1975. On commercially successful albums such as Autobahn (1974), Trans-Europe Express (1977), The Man-Machine (1978), and Computer World (1981), Kraftwerk developed a self-described "robot pop" style that combined electronic music with pop melodies, sparse arrangements, and repetitive rhythms, while adopting a stylised image including matching suits. Following the release of Electric Café (1986), Flür left in 1987, followed by Bartos in 1990. Kraftwerk released Tour de France Soundtracks, its most recent studio and concept album, in 2003. Schneider left in 2008 to pursue solo work and died in 2020. Kraftwerk has continued to tour under the leadership of Hütter. Kraftwerk has influenced a range of artists and genres, including synth-pop, hip hop, post-punk, techno, house music, ambient, and club music.
